By

• Roger Jankowski, M.D., Ph.D., PUPH, Université de Lorraine, Faculté de Médecine, Service ORL – CHU Nancy, France

The phylontogenic theory proposes an original understanding of nose, sinus and midface formation and development by looking back in evolution for the first traces of the olfactory organ and then tracing its successive phyletic transformations to become part of the respiratory apparatus and finally the central point of human facial anatomy. Von Baer’s, Darwin’s, Haeckel’s, Garstang’s, Gould’s and Buss’ explorations of parallels between phylogeny and ontogeny help to trace the nose and midface story. The paradigm of existing parallels between ontogeny and phylogeny proves useful both in seeking to understand the holoprosencephalic spectrum of facial malformations (which represent radically different pathways of facial development after the life’s tape has been started to run again) and in formulating hypotheses on chordate to vertebrate evolution.  The phylontogenic theory leads to new medical hypotheses on nose and sinus diseases and opens the field of evolution and development-based medicine.

• A revision of the classical representation of nose, sinus and midface evolution and development​
• New bases for understanding nose and sinus diseases and midface malformations
• A concrete example of the link between phylogeny and ontogeny in evolution

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